Early Child Development Essay -- Child Development Psychology Sociolog

Early Child Development There are many key factors that play up to the role of early kid development, starting from before the child is nonexistent, until the child is a full grown baby. Bodily Processes of Reproduction There are numerous hormones in the human carcass that play key factors in allowing a human being to reproduce successfully.Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is the 65 to 75 day process in which the human male course produces sperm cells. In the male body, follicle-stimulating hormones, or FSH, and leutinizing hormones, or LH, are very important in the process of spermatogenesis. These hormones control sperm reproduction. The production of the hormones testosterone and androgens are aflame by the leutinizing hormones. During this process, the follicle-stimulating hormones motivate the testes to produce sperm. The development of the sperm takes place in twisted tubules called seminiferous tubules. Mitosis occurs, in which the diploid cells multiply t hemselves constantly. Then, day by day, at least 3 million of these cells begin to undergo meiosis, where the number of doubled chromosomes is reduced in half by dividing the cell over and over again. In order for the first phase of Meiosis to begin, the cell must become a primary spermatocyte. After this has occurred, the diploid cell, which has 46 chromosomes, split into two haploid secondary spermatocytes, each containing only 23 chromosomes. In the next phase of Meiosis, Meiosis II, the two cells split, again, forming four cells also consisting of 23 chromosomes, and the cell undergoes the change in order to perform its more specialized function for reproduction. This production takes place in the male gonads, also known as the testes. Oogenesis Oogenesis, also called ovigenesis, is the process in which the female anatomy produces egg cells. The egg cell is made up of three layers a jelly coat, the vitelline layer, and the egg cells plasma membrane. A hormone called gonadotr opin releasing hormone, or GnRH, control the production of the follicle-stimulating hormones and the leutinizing hormones that, as stated above, are also found in the male body. The process of oogenesis is akin to spermatogenesis. Although produced by the leutinizing hormones, the androgen hormones control the levels of FSH, GnRH, as well as the LH. Oogenesis begins before bi... ..., M.D., F.A.A.P., Robert, (2001) Alcohol and Drugs During Pregnancy. Retrieved October 19, 2004 from http//www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,4547,00.htmlThe Parent Report.Com. (2004). Newborn Vision. Retrieved October 28, 2004 from http//www.theparentreport.com/resourses/ages/newborn/health/58.htmlPiagets cognitive Stages. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2004 from http//honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/piaget.htmSaskatchewan Education. Perspectives on Human Development Across the Life broom Influences on Prenatal Development. (n.d.) Retrieved October 19, 2004 from http//www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/curr_inst/social/AgesStagesUnit2.pdfSaskatchewan Education. Perspectives on Human Development Across the Life Span Looking Through the Eyes of the FetusWhat Do You See?. (n.d.) Retrieved October 31, 2004 from page 4 to 10 at http//www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/curr_inst/social/AgesStagesUnit2.pdfUniversity of capital of New York. The Organized Newborn-Reflexes, Perceptual Capabilities and Social Readiness. (n.d.) Retrieved October 20, 2004 from the University of Albany web site http//blue.csbs.albany.edu8000/infancy.htm

Disney Films Essay -- Movies Walt Disney Essays

Disney FilmsIn Disney films, motherhood is generally featured as latent, inexistent, or enacted by an mephistophelean stepmother. The conflicts which arise in the majority of the films usually due to the missing biological mother, either through her death, through her removal from the life of the child, or the stepmother. This sheds a misfortunate and/or dark light on the role of motherhood.An example of a Disney film in which the mother is latent is Sleeping Beauty. The main character, Briar-Rose, a princess, has a mother, but she does not know her. She was removed from her parents at birth in order to protect her life. The mother appears only at the beginning and the end of the film, when Briar-Rode is born, and thus on her sixteenth birthday when she is to be wed. This latency makes motherho...

Trifles :: essays research papers

CharactersMrs. PetersMrs. blackmailMrs. WrightSheriff PetersScene Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters bringing Mrs. Wright her personal belongings. cadence Period of the PlayMrs. Hale Minnie how yer holding up?Mrs. Wright Alright I guess, how is my fruit?Mrs. Peters (nervously digging in her bag) Oh they are respectable fine, here we brought you one of you jars of cherries. Mrs. Hale Minnie (in a low tense manner), Mrs. Peters and I thought it was a good idea to bring some of the quilt boxes you were piecing together, you know to keep your mind forth all this for a while, but as we gathered your sewing material we found-we foundMrs. Peters This (pulling the dead lady from Mrs. Hales bag) poor dead bird Mrs. Wright (Oblivious to the dead bird) Ah, my fruit My apron, where is my apron? Mrs. Hale (In an elevated voice) The bird Minnie, what happened to the bird? Mrs. Wright (Raising a brow) The bird died, died like Mr. Wright. (Shivering) Im cold and I just want to go back home.Mrs. Peters M rs. Wright it will all be over soon, just tell the Sheriff everything that happened and youll be home in two shakes of a lambs tale. Mrs. Wright there is nothing to tell I was asleep and when I awoke he was just lying there, dead.Mrs. Hale Minnie there is no evidence of someone breaking into the house.Mrs. Wright Im a heavy sleeper.Mrs. Peters (Looking down at the dead bird) Mrs. Wright this bird has had the life choked out of him, if I were to show this to Mr. Peters theyll be sure to rein you guilty.Mrs. Wright Guilty of what? I did everything for Mr. Wright, I loved him with all my heart, and I tried to give him children without any luck. (With tears in her eyes) He would beat me and ravage me. I still loved him. That bird was like my child, it brought me joy. We would sing together that little bird and I. Mrs. Hale (With a look of disgust) Minnie, if I would haveMrs. Wright One dark he was angry with me because I hadnt cleaned, he pulled the bird out of his cage and- and (sta rting to cry) twisted its little neck. He said that women need to be develop and he pulled me into our room and ravaged my body (she then opened her blouse revealing bruises upon bruises).

Memo to Martha Stewart, CEO of Martha Stewart Omnimedia Essay -- Lette

Memo to Martha Stewart, CEO of Martha Stewart Omnimedia Dear Ms. Stewart,I am writing to address some concerns I induce about the forthcoming of your company, Martha Stewart Omnimedia (MSO). Perhaps the one issue that you are grappling with at present is about the Imclone scandal. You have been accused of selling $227,000 worth of Imclone stock based on inside information. Because of these charges of insider trading, your critics have summarily associated you with other disgraced company directors Kenneth Lay of Enron and Bernard Ebbers of WorldCom. But the strange thing about your case is that while other CEOs have been charged for making use of their own companies to gain profit for themselves, you, on the other hand, have not purposefully misled investors or doctored MSOs accounts.William Evan and Edward Freeman, in their rise A Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation, argue that the objective of a company and its managers is not only to maximize profit for its owners a nd stockholders, but also to balance the benefits have or losses incurred by other stakeholdersemployees, suppliers, customers, and the local community, all of whom may be influenced by company decisions. As the owner of MSO, your aim is ostensibly to maximize profits for yourself, but unlike most other indicted CEOs, you have not tried to obtain personal gains at the expense of the stakeholders of your enterprise. Rather, the charges that have been brought against you are for your transaction with another company in this day and age where investors bemoan the lack of ethics of CEOs who use the power of their position in the boardroom to achieve self-loving gains at the expense of their own company and its stakeholders, the charges of insider t... ...ks CitedCarnegie, Andrew. Wealth. Advanced College Essay Business and Its Publics. Ed. rap C. Hoy II and Denice Martone. unused York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 279-84.Didion, Joan. Everywoman.com. Advanced College Essay Business and Its P ublics. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Denice Martone. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 143-52.Evan, William M. and Edward R. Freeman. A Stakeholder Theory of The Modern Corporation Kantian Capitalism. Advanced College Essay Business and Its Publics. Ed. Pat C. Hoy II and Denice Martone. New York McGraw-Hill, 2002. 329-38.Hays, Constance L. Martha Stewart Living Says Revenue Fell 14% in the Quarter. The New York Times. 1 May. 2003. Martha Stewart Omnimedia. Martha Stewart Omnimedia. 16 Oct. 2001. http//www.marthastewart.com

Satisfaction Gained from Blogging :: Blogs

Satisfaction Gained from BloggingThe question most frequently asked about blogging is why. What is in a blog that makes it something unique that people find attractive enough to motivation to write about their daily lives to the whole world? While there are many reasons bloggers do what they do, Im looking specifically at what satisfaction is gained from it. The blog I have observed over the past few weeks is very much like a regular journal post by Jim. He talks about anything and everything he deems important enough in his life. Generally speaking, he posts about real events and thoughts on real things that run into directly in his life. His posts go back quite a ways too, about a year, and he posts daily. To me, this sounds almost addicting. It was at this point that I began to oppugn what made blogging so addicting and questioned the enjoyment and pleasure factors that are involved. I finally emailed Jim and asked him why he blogs and who he blogs for. His answer was the expec ted answer Really, I clean do it for myself. My thoughts have no...order, really...theyre all very disjointed and random. I dont know why anyone reads mine, its really not that good and not as interesting as some of the others out there. though I am flattered when people tell me they do enjoy it. I also think theyre crazy, but thats not the point...My friends do theirs as a journal of sorts...but I try not to write anything too incredibly personal. I think many people like Jim penury their readers to think that they just do it for themselves and not for any real reasons. However if this were true, no blogger would write their journals online in the first place. The idea of having potentially thousands of people education their blogs and commenting on them is enough to make bloggers post. If Jim and all those out there that really just do it for themselves they would keep it private. He states that he doesnt do his as a journal like his friends, but upon reading a few entries, you ll find that is exactly like a journal, and some of his posts are extremely personal. Though I am flattered when people tell me they do enjoy it. That kind of reinforcement from the internet public is precisely the idea I am laborious to get across to the bloggers who may be in denial about doing it just for themselves.

The Use Of Animal Imagery In Othello Essay -- William Shakespeare

In William Shakespeares play Othello the use ofanimal imagery was unpatterned throughout the telling ofthe story. Shakespeare explained several charactersactions by comparing them to similarities in animals. The characters in Othello were often depicted ashaving animal-like characteristics. Some characterswere even compared to animals by other characters inthe play. By defining characters in terms of thesecharacteristics one can get a clear description of whatthe character is doing or saying as compared to sealedanimals. In this paper I hope to give examples of animalimagery used in Othello that assist in explaining theplay. The specific examples I present exit describe acharacter either as seen by himself or by a fellowcharacter. The first use of animal imagery I noted occurred came in Act One when Iago, Othellos standard bearer,has awaken Brabantio, who was a Venetian senator andthe father of Desdemona, to tell him that Othello hastaken his daughter Desdemona, and as they blab out ismaking neck to her. Iago was attempting to instigate afight between Othello and Brabantio, using Desdemona asthe bait. Iago stated, Your heart is burst. You havelost half your soul. Even now, now, very now, and elder scandalous ram is tupping your white ewe (p. 13). In thatstatement Iago was comparing Othello to an old blackram by comparing Othellos skin color to that of theblack rams, and the white ewe, a young female sheep,to Desdemona. Shakespeare was trying to illustrate inhis writing the act of and old black man making love toa young white woman. The use of a black ram and awhite ewe to compare Othello and Desdemona helped inthe visualization of their affair. Shakespeare displayed animal imagery over again in ActTwo when Cassio was explaining to Iago that if he hadas legion(predicate) mouths as Hydra, a many headed monster slain byHercules, he could silence the many questions asked ofhim. In this Shakespeare presented Cassio as beingburdened by many questions that he could not answer allat once, scarcely if he had as many mouths as Hydra it wouldbe more accessible for him to do so. Cassio said, Iwill ask him for my place again he shall tell me I ama drunkard Has I as many mouths as Hydra, such ananswer would stop them all (p.101). Cassio wasexplaining to Iago that if he went to Othello now... ...eceptive tears. Desdemona, in the eyes ofOthello, was not sorry, but was rather hiding somethingfrom him. Shakespeares use of animal imagery here wassimilar to his earlier uses. Shakespeare was trying todisplay a woman, who in the mind of her husband, was insistent tears of deception. Othello had let his mind beso altered by Iagos lies, that he had even began tobelieve everything he said. This action of Othello wasfueled by his earlier animal-like change caused byIago. In conclusion, Shakespeares use of animal imageryin Othello was crucial to the description of thestory. In Othello certain scenes would have beenharder to go out or relate to if it was not for theanimal imagery related to it. Shakespeares comparisonof characters to certain animals is unlike any others. Shakespeares portray of a characters emotions andthoughts through animal imagery helped in theunderstanding of that particular scene. Lastly,without the vivid comparisons of animals andcharacters, this play would undoubtedly have been morecomplicated to both interpret and understand. Works CitedShakespeare, William. Othello. Toronto Pocket Books, 2008.

Community Windshield Survey Essay

PurposeThe purpose of this assignment is to complete a direct observational assessment of a alliance in your knowledge domain. This windshield survey will be the initial step in uncovering a community health difficulty in your area and identifying community dynamics. This problem will be further assessed in the following both assignments.Course OutcomesThis assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes. CO 2. combine clinical judgment in professional decision-making and implementation of the nursing process through analysis of community health nursing practice. (PO 4) CO 5. Analyze the nursing roles in the community health setting. (PO 7) CO 7. Accept accountability for personal and professional development as part of the life-long learning process. (PO 5)Due Date involve to the appropriate basket in the Dropbox by 1159 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 2. Points 150 pointsDirections1. Download the NR443 Community windscreen Survey machinate from Doc Sharing. You will type your name and answers directly onto this Word document. Your formula does NOT need to follow APA formatting however, you are expected to use lay out grammar, spelling, syntax and write in complete sentences. 2. Save the file by clicking Save as and adding your last name to the file name, e.g., NR443 Windshield Survey Form_Smith 3. lease the spotless form to the Caring for Populations Community Windshield Survey Dropbox by Sunday, 1159 p.m. MT at the end of Week 2. 4. Length The completed form should be no more than three pages in length (not including any optional references).GuidelinesBelow are the requirements needed for successful completion of the Windshield Survey Form 1. Introduction to the Community Identify the community you will be using for this assignment and provide a brief one to two paragraph description of the community. Your community should be the area where youlive or the area surrounding your work setting. 2. Windshield Survey Assess your community b y doing an informal windshield survey. Information about the components of a windshield survey is located in your textbook, Nies & McEwen (2011) on page 97 (Box 6-2). Drive through the area and report your observations by describing each of the following six areas using the questions in the text as your guide (one to two paragraphs each)a. Community vitalityb. Indicators of social and scotch conditionsc. Health resourcesd. Environmental conditions related to healthe. Social functioningf. Attitude toward healthcareIt is helpful to conduct this assessment at least two divergent times during the day or evening, on a weekday and/or on the weekend. If possible, plan on asking someone to drive during your survey so that you bay window take notes. 3. Conclusion Provide a summary of your findings. The information gathered during the windshield survey should assist you to identify a community health problem that will be further assessed in the next assignment. 4. References The purpose of this assignment is to document your observations of your community. Outside sources are not required. However, if sources are used, these sources must be cited inside the form and listed in the Reference section.Best Practices in Preparing the FormThe following are best practices in preparing this projectMake sure all elements of the form are included.Review directions and grading rubric below thoroughly.Cite any outside references as above (these are optional).Proofread prior to final submission. fall over for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission. Abide by the CCN academic integrity policy, which may be found in the Policies under the Course Home tab.

How Cultural Adaptation Influence Professional Belief?

How ethnical version govern professional belief and c arer growing of Chinese students in UMN? cornerstone The mildew of heathenish diversity is some of the most critical issues facing the United States today. Census data denominate that the non-white population is rapidly increasing this is a huge reserve of human potential, which makes the multi heathenish focus a top priority for vocational education and exploitation.These diverse ethnic groups include some international students coming to the United States to take advantage of higher education opportunities. After completing their studies, many of these students choose to stay in the United States in assure to pursue work and build family.The calling development and consulting needs of this multicultural workforce are very different from the established norms. It is important to understand and operate their needs for the countrys cultural and psychological adjustment. at that placefore, counselors and professional professionals in universities and workplaces need to have specific cultural information and skills that contribute to effective vocational education/consulting. virtually of the differences amid cultures come from various worldviews that people hold. Lee and Rice (2007) and Dee and Henkin (1999) point out that in this society, the worldview of racial and ethnic minorities is different from that of European Americans.The worldview contains all cultural norms, customs, folk cultures and cultural variation behaviors that are passed on to future generations in an identifiable group. Values, interests, family and interpersonal relationships largely depend on these worldviews, and these worldviews are assumed to influence public life choices.The worldview of ethnic minority customers will influence their career decisions in ways that may differ from most people. In order to provide culturally appropriate services, professional professionals in universities and workplaces must have a ke en understanding of the teams worldview.In order to understand more about the concept of worldview colligate to career development, Marsella and Leong (1995) suggest positioning soulfulness clients in the continuum of national cultural identity and determining the relative importance of individual or cultural characteristics to individuals.For example, when a person is fully integrated into society, interest/preference may be more relevant to career development. However, for a more traditional individual, cultural influence may play a more important role in career development. Marsella and Leong (1995) suggest that career counseling for different customers should consider three factors cross-cultural similarities, and culturally unique aspects that influence members and personal characteristics.An separate way to better understand the worldview is to study the individuals level of cultural adaptation. Marsella and Leong (1995) pointed out that cultural adaptation has buy the farm an important variable in psychological research because it helps to highlight and explain the huge heterogeneity existing in ethnic/ethnic immigrant groups. Cultural adaptation levels have been found to influence psychological and physical health variables, including work values, career orientation, and career choices (Kubat Kuruuzum, 2009).In short, with the increase in the multicultural nature of the U.S. compass force, it has become imperative to appropriately address the unique career development needs of customers from different ethnicities. Marasella and Leong (1995) indicate that by understanding the customers worldview, unique career development needs can be met.Research on ethnic identity and cultural adaptation can help to learn a worldview.Many international students are looking for jobs in the United States, which is a factor in increasing the multicultural workforce. For this reason, using this population for world outlook (cultural adaptation and ethnic identity) an d career development studies will be particularly useful.Therefore, this study examines the relationship between professional beliefs and cultural adaptation levels of international students from China. It has been found that cultural adaptation and career development may be related to several other important factors, for example,Peoples specific nationality Even if they come from the same continent, the cultural adaptability of people from different countries is in addition different (Jacob Greggo, 2001)Peoples age Age is arbitraryly related to professional identity (ie older people may have severeer professional identity).The ban correlation between age and cultural adaptation indicates that it is difficult for older people to adhere to the norms of the new culture (Suinn, Ahuna Khoo, 1992, 1995 Shufen Brown, 2001)Level of education Interestingly, studies by Shu Fen and Brown (2001) show that education levels are negatively correlated with cultural adaptation.This suggests that better-educated individuals may not be comfortable, and vice versa.Term of residence in the United States There is a negative correlation between the length of residence in the United States and cultural adaptability, indicating that people with shorter residence periods tend to have less culture.There is a positive correlation between living time and professional identity, which means that people who live longer in the United States have stronger professional identities (Suinn, Ahuna Khoo, 1992, 1995 Shu-fen Brown, 2001)Gender There seems to be a conflict regarding the influence of gender on cultural adaptation. Although there was no significant relationship between gender and cultural adaptation and professional identity and gender, the study (Lopez Ann-Yi, 2006) also showed that the process of cultural adaptation was affected by gender.In this study, information on nationality, age, US resident term and gender will be collected. It also will study the influence of the ab ove factors on cultural adaptation and professional beliefs, with particular emphasis on the influence of gender.Propose of the studyThe main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between cultural adaptation and factors that influence the professional beliefs of international students from China.The adaptation of a cultural group to another cultural group can be demonstrated by changing language preferences, adopting common attitudes and values, joining common social groups and institutions, and losing individual political or ethnic identity.Professional beliefs are peoples assumptions about themselves and what they must do to succeed in the world of work.Specifically, this study will examine whether these international students cultural adaptation will affect current employment status, career planning, acceptance of uncertainty, openness, university education, sense of control, sense of responsibility, career path flexibility, after reading. The attitude of transiti on, relocation and other occupational beliefs are perseverance and hard work.The study will examine whether the relationship between cultural adaptation and professional beliefs is influenced or mitigated by gender.Research questionsAre there any influence from cultural adaption on professional beliefs and career development of Chinese students in UMN?How cultural adaption influence professional beliefs and career development of Chinese students in UMN?MethodsParticipants are Chinese students in UMN.The questionnaire will be delivered through university email. There are also potential follow-up interview.Two scales will be used in this studyFirst one is Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (SL-ASIA). Suinn, et al have developed SL-ASIA as a self-reported measurement of cultural adaption (Suinn, et al, 1987).There are 26 options including language, behavior, generation/geography history and attitude in this scale. In the score, the total value is obtained by summing the answers to all items. The final cultural fitness score is then calculated by dividing the total by 26.The conservation level on SL-ASIA ranged from 1 to 5, the low range was 1 to 2.33 (Asian mark), the speciality range was 2.34 In order to obtain a structural validity assessment, Suinn, Ahuna and Khoo (1992) used 324 Asian students from Colorado (137 first generation, 76 second generation, 31 ordinal generation, 26 fourth generation and 14 fifth generation participants who performed factor analysis on SL-ASIA.Their results showed that five interpretable factors accounted for 69.7% of the variance between different variables. A recent sample of 118 Asians using Suinn, Khoo and Ahuna (1995) in Singapore showed that the appearance of a similar factor accounted for 65% of the variance.The other one is Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI).The occupational Belief Scale (CBI) (Krumboltz Jackson,1993) is built based on data collected from 7,500 people, ranging in age from 12 to 75 years. The o riginal 122 items has been separated into 25 scales consisting of 96 projects. Grades. These projects were written in the eighth grade. Participants stated their agreement to a statement based on the 5-point Likert scale, strongly agreeing that the active wording project scored 5 points, and strongly disagreed with a score of 1 point.The negative wording items are reverse scores, so strong opposition will get scores of 5 points, and strong opposition scores of 1. These scores are then converted into proportional scores ranging from 10 to 50. The difference factor between them and the project score is 10, so the proportional score is ten times that of the time average score.(After collecting data, I will use SPSS or R to build a fabric and do some simple analysis between SL-ASIA factors language, behavior, generation/geography history and attitude and professional beliefs.Based on this conclusion, I will wear out some recommendations about career development of Chinese students in US.)ReferenceDee, J., Henkin, A. (1999). Challenges to Adjustment to College Life in the United States Experiences of Korean Students. foreign Education, 29(1), 54-70.Jacob, E. J, Greggo, J.W., (2001).Using counselor training and collaborative programming strategies in working with international students. daybook of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 29 (l),73-88.Kubat, U., Kuruuzum, A. (2009). An Examination of the Relationship between Work Values and temperament Traits in Manufacturing Industry.International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 1(1), 37-48.Krumboltz, J. D., Jackson, M. A. (1993). Career assessment as a learning tool. Journal of Career Assessment, I, 393-409.Lee, J., Rice, J. (2007). Welcome to America? International student perceptions of discrimination. Higher Education, 53(3), 381-409.Lopez, F. G., Ann-Yi, S. (2006).Predictors of Career Indecision in Three Racial/Ethnic Groups of College Women. Journal of Career Development, 33(1), 29-4 6.Marsella, A., Leong, F. (1995). Cross-Cultural Issues in Personality and Career Assessment. Journal of Career Assessment, 3(2), 202-218.Suinn, R., Rickard-Figueroa, K., Lew, S., Vigil, P. (1987).The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale An Initial Report. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 47(2), 401-407.Suinn, R. M. Ahuna, C, Khoo, G. (1992). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale Concurrent and factorial validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 1041-1046.Suinn, R. M., Ahuna, C, Khoo, G. (1995).The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identify Acculturation Scale Cross-cultural information. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 23, 139-148.Shih, S., Brown, C. (2000). Taiwanese International Students Acculturation Level and Vocational Identity. Journal of Career Development, 27(1), 35-47.

Indian Railway

Marketing Project On INDIAN RAILWAYS Submitted by Dhruti Badami 11BSPHH010XXX Nikhil Goyal 11BSPHH01XXX ContentsPage accession Marketing liquefy SWOT Analysis Market Seg workforcetation Market Targeting Market Positioning The Way Forward INTRODUCTION Indian Railways is the nationalized data trackway community of India which owns and operates most of the countrys rail transport. It is the worlds second largestemployer behind Chinese army has matchless of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world, an extensive network, which is spread over 60000 lead guidebook Kilometre, of which approximately 30 per cent is electrified.The Indian Railways have played an integrating role in the social and economic development of the country, transporting over 18 million passengers and more than 2 million tonnes of committal daily, it is the worlds largest commercial or utility employer, with more than 1. 4 million employees. Besides its stated function of transporting men and goods acr oss the length and breadth of the country, it also enhances the countrys economy. As the country is emerging as one of the rapidly growing economies in the world, the call for for a well- organized transport infrastructure would become more vital.Although there have been other modes of transport availcapable in the country, INDIAN RAILWAYS is still able to maintain its competitive position due to many advantages like geographical diversity, worlds largest networks, and above all its economical f atomic number 18s in delivering the services. Marketing Mix Product Railways offer one-third major types of services 1) Freight Service 2) Passenger Service 3) Parcel Service Freight Service IR carries a huge variety of goods ranging from mineral ores, fertilizers and petrochemicals, agricultural produce, iron & steel, multimodal trade and others.Ports and major urban argonas have their own dedicated freight lines and yards. Many important freight stops have dedicated platforms and indepe ndent lines. Indian Railways makes 70% of its revenues and most of its profits from the freight sector, and uses these profits to cross-subsidise the loss-making passenger sector. . Within the freight segment, bulk traffic accounts for nearly 95 per cent, of which more than 44 per cent is contri neverthelessed by coal. Indian Railways also transports vehicles over long distances. Trucks that lam goods to a equivalenceticular location are hauled back by trains saving the trucking company on unnecessary fuel expenses.Refrigerated vans are also available in many areas. The unripened Van is a special type used to transport fresh food and vegetables. Recently Indian Railways introduced the special Container Rajdhani or CONRAJ, for high priority freight. The highest press forward notched up for a freight train is 120 kilometres per hour (75mph) for a 5,500metric tonne load. Under the EleventhFive Year architectural planof India (20072012), Ministry of Railways is constructing a new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) covering about 2762 route km long. Passenger Service * Duronto ExpressThese are the non-stop point to point rail services (except for operational stops) introduced for the first time in 2009. These trains charge the metros and major state capitals of India and are faster than Rajdhani Express. The Duronto services consists of classes of accommodation namely first AC, two-tier AC, terce-tier AC, AC 3 Tier Economy, Sleeper Class, General Class. * Rajdhani Express These are all air-conditioned trains linking major cities to New Delhi. The Rajdhanis have high priority and are one of the fastest trains in India, travelling at about 140 km/h (87 mph).There are only a few stops on a Rajdhani route. * Shatabdi and Jan Shatabdi Express The Shatabdi trains are AC intercity seater-type trains for travel during day. Jan-Shatabdi trains consists of both AC and non-AC classes. * Garib Rath Fully air conditioned trains, designed for those who cannot afford to tra vel in the dearly-won Shatabti and Rajdhani Express. Garib Rath means Chariot of the Poor. The maximum speed is 130 km/h. * Superfast Mail/Express These are trains that have an average speed greater than 55 km/h (34 mph). Tickets for these trains have an additional super-fast surcharge. Mail/Express These are the most common kind of trains in India. They have more stops than their super-fast counterparts, but they stop only at relatively important intermediate stations. * Rajya Rani Express These are a series of express trains operated by Indian Railways to connect state capitals with other cities important for tourism, pilgrimage or business. * Passenger and Fast Passenger These are slow trains that stop at most stations on the route and are the cheapest trains. The trains generally have unreserved seating accommodation but some night trains have sleeper and 3A compartments. Suburban trains These trains operate in urban areas, ordinarily stop at all stations and have unreserved seating accommodation. * Special Tourist Trains Palace on Wheels, Deccan Odyssey, Heritage On Wheels, Golden Chariot, Darjeeling Toy Train Price Freight Traffic A number of go have been taken in the recent years to make up the railway loading as well as the earning of the Railways. As a result of those steps, the Freight earning of the Railways change magnitude from Rs. 36,287 crore in 2005-06 to Rs. 41,717 crore in 2006-07 (increase of 16 per cent) and the loading increased from 667. 0 MT in 2005-06 to 728. 41 MT in 2006-07 (increase of 9. 2 per cent). Continuing the process further, the Railways have taken many initiatives to increase the railways freight meshing such as discount up to 30 per cent has been permitted on traffic loaded in the notified Traditional Empty Flow Directions during both wide awake and lean seasons, along with special long term lump sum rates and other concessions. Passenger Traffic Pricing process is very composite plant due to the presence of variou s types of trains, quotas, classes, and concessions.The Pricing strategy is based on keeping in mind the need the entire population of the country and is principally based on the type of class as described below * 1AThe First class AC This is the most expensive class, where the fares are on par with airlines. Bedding is include with the fare in IR. This air conditioned coach is present only on popular routes betwixt metropolitan cities and can contribute 18 passengers. The coaches are carpeted, have sleeping accommodation and have privacy features like personal coupes. * 2AAC-Two tier Air conditioned coaches with sleeping berths, ample peg room, curtains and individual reading lamps.Berths are usually arranged in two tiers in bays of six, four across the width of the coach past the gangway then two berths long ways, with curtains provided to give some privacy from those walking up and down. Bedding is included with the fare. A broad gauge coach can carry 48 passengers. * FCFir st class Same as 1AC, without the air conditioning. This class is not very common. * 3AAC three tier Air conditioned coaches with sleeping berths. Berths are usually arranged as in 2AC but with three tiers across the width and two long ways as before giving eight bays of eight.They are slightly less well appointed, usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. Bedding is included with fare. It carries 64 passengers in broad gauge. * 3EAC three tier (Economy) Air conditioned coaches with sleeping berths, present in Garib Rath Trains. Berths are usually arranged as in 3AC but with three tiers across the width and three long ways. They are slightly less well appointed, usually no reading lights or curtained off gangways. Bedding is not included with fare. * CCAC chair car An air-conditioned seater coach with a total of five seats in a row used for day travel between cities. ECExecutive class chair car An air-conditioned seater coach with a total of four seats in a row used for d ay travel between cities. * SLSleeper class The sleeper class is the most common coach, and usually ten or more coaches could be attached. These are mend sleeping coaches with three berths vertically stacked. In broad gauge, it carries 72 passengers per coach. Railways have modified certain Sleeper Coaches on popular trains to accommodate 81 passengers in place of regular 72 passengers. This was done in order to facilitate benefits like clear the Passenger rush and simultaneously earn more revenue.But this has got lukewarm retort with criticism from the travellers and railways have decided to remove them. * 2SSeater class Same as AC Chair car, but with bench style seats and without the air-conditioning. * URUnreserved The cheapest accommodation, the seats usually made up of pressed wood, but the cushioned seats have been rapidly replaced. Although entry into the compartment is guaranteed, a sitting seat is not guaranteed. Tickets issued are validated on any train on the same rout e if boarded within 24 hours of buying the ticket.These coaches are usually very crowded. Also higher prices are charged for Tatkal scheme and lower for senior citizens and children below 12 years of age. As a part of ongoing marketing strategy, a number of steps have been taken by Indian Railways such as reduction in fares, proliferation of ticketing facility, introduction of Passengers Incentive Schemes like Upgradation, Scheme for Frequent Travellers (SOFT), etc. sit Tickets can be booked through a variety of ways * Book in Person at Stations * Computerized Reservation Centre * Online fight * SMS Travel Agents Promotion Since the Indian Railways is a monopoly, they do not spend much on promotional activities. Their major promotions include advertising in marking media, usually newspapers and hoardings. They sponsor certain national events such as the recently held Commonwealth Games in Delhi and beam TV commercials during that period. Bibliography http//www. sustainable-sourci ng. com/2009/06/29/nhs-procurements-10-carbon-chal lenge/ www. wikipedia. org http//indiabudg et. nic. in/es2001-02/chapt2002/chap98. pdf http //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Indian Railways

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 22

MichaShe looks terrified as hell, her look round, and her body is trembling as she says, I love you.My grimace breaks through with(predicate). I know you do. I have constantly since the day on the bridge. She looks confused so I explain further. When you tried to leave, I caught up with you and took you up to our spot by the lake to calm you vote down. When you did, you told me that you loved me.Her lips part. I did why didnt you tell me?Because I wanted you to tell me again, I say. When you were a little less step up of it. Took you long enough, by the way. Her lips expand to a smiling and I cant help but kiss her.My body rolls onto her on its own accord, even though it hurts alike hell to use my arm to keep my weight off her. She trails her fingers up my spur as her legs fall to the side, giving me permission to press up close at hand(predicate) to her. Its what weve been doing every night for the last few days, almost reaching the end, but not quite.Suddenly, she jerks b ack and I blink my look open. Whats wrong?Biting on her lip, she sits up and I lean back, giving her room as she slips her shirt and bra off and throws them on the floor. Locks of her auburn hair fall across her chest. Grinning, I move my lips for hers again, but she shakes her head and stands up on the bed, slipping her shorts and panties off and discarding them on the floor.Ive seen her naked a couple of times over the calendar week and once when we were sixteen and she left her curtain open but each time gets my adrenaline pumping. She kneels down in front of me and kisses me passionately, her nipples brushing against my chest. Her body is move in a way that means shes nervous.Make love to me, she whispers against my lips.Ive been dreaming about those words leaving her lips since I was sixteen. Are you sure?She nods with a ignitor in her eyes. Yeah, Im sure.I wait a few seconds longer to give her time to back out if she needs to. She remains silent and reaches for my shirt, helping me devote it over my head so I dont have to lift up my arm. Her fingers run across my tattoo, lyrics I wrote about her, although I dont conceive she knows it. Then her detention find the button on my jeans and she unfastens it. Deciding to help her out, I peel my jeans and boxers off. Grabbing a condom from my wallet, I lie her down and situate surrounded by her legs.Are you sure youre sure? I check again.Her auburn hair is spread across the pillow and the light above our heads reflects in her green eyes as she nods. Micha, Im more certain about this than I am about anything else in my life.Suddenly, I get a little nervous. This is the first time Ive ever been with someone Ive cared about and its going to be different.Mentally preparing myself, I slide into her slowly so I dont hurt her. Her legs promptly constrict around my hips and she squeezes her eyes shut. I give her a minute, letting her breathe through the pain. When she opens her eyes again, I push into her furth er. Her head tips back as she forces air in through her nose. I grow rocking in and out of her. The pained expression slowly turns to ecstasy and her eyes gloss over.Its the most beautiful thing Ive ever seen.Ella At first it hurts more than I anticipated. Im wondering what the big deal about sex is, when he starts rocking in and out of me, pushing in further and change me with him. The pain eases away and all thats left is hunger.I secure my legs around his hips and open up to him as his lips cover mine. He kisses me fervently and I start coming undone, releasing all control of my body and intellectual. I let my head fall back as he sucks and nips on my neck and down to my breasts, before returning his lips to mine. Our skin covers in sweat as his movements become harder, thrusting deeper inside me. I scream out his name as a fire inflames within me and everything comes apart. Moments later, his movements become jerkier and then he dumbs.His head is tipped down and his warm br eath caresses my neck. He places a kiss on my comprehend bone, then on my lips, finally looking at me and smoothing my hair back from my damp forehead.I love you, he whispers with a content expression.I smile at him as he carefully slips out of me. Then he holds me in his arms and we drift off to sleep, relaxed and satisfied.***I wake up to Micha sit down on the bed in his boxers, playing his guitar, the tune Behind Blue Eyes by The Who. Hes got his head tipped down as his fingers pluck away. academic session up, I rub the tiredness out of my eyes while holding the sheet up to cover my chest. Why are you playing your sad poesy? I ask.He keeps singing, shutting his eyes, really getting into it. Its not my sad song anymore. His fingers keep playing.I tuck my legs under me and kneel up in front of him. Since when?Since the night you opened up to me, he says. And it was playing over and over again. From now on, every time I hear this song, Im going to think of you.I shut my eyes and listen to him play a little longer, letting his beautiful voice flow over my skin. When he stops playing, I open them back up right as he yanks the sheet away from me. I scream and then laugh as he lays me back down and enfolds his body over mine. I kiss him passionately, giving extra attention to the ring in his lip.I have to tell you something, he says when I free his lip ring from my teeth.The sound in his voice makes me uneasy. OkayHe sighs and rakes his fingers through his hair. I think Im going to go on the pathway with Naomi and her band.I sit up, shocked, and nearly bump foreheads with him. Did she ask you to join?Yeah, a few weeks ago, but I told her I had to think about it. He rolls to the side, legal transfer me with him and hitching my leg over his hip so Im opened up and vulnerable to him. I think this is something I have to do, otherwise Ill regret it for the rest of my life.My mind is racing, but I force my voice to sound even. When are you leaving?He traces my chee kbone with his finger. In a couple of days.Shutting my eyes, I utter myself through it. I know I have to let him go because regrets do nothing but eat away on the inside. Its still hard, though.I force a small smile as I open my eyes. Will you visit me in Vegas?Every single moment I get, he says and seals his lips to mine. I promise.

Yeast Fermentation Lab

The aim of this work was to identify how sugar concentration does affect yeast fermentation. An increase in sugar concentration must increase the acquit of CA as a result of yeast fermentation. The following analysis considers the average CA concentrations measured as a result of three free experiments. In absence of sugar no CA was released. A 5% increase in sugar concentration showed a lowCA presence, 0. 33 CM. Then as a result of a nonher 5% increase in sugar concentration it is observed a higher concentration of CA, 1. 1 CM measured. work then the increase of CA concentration was expected. When sugar solution reached 15% surprisingly the CA concentration decreased to 0. 57. Actually it was expected a carnal knowledge increase in CA concentration. Later when sucrose concentration increased to we identified an important increase in CA concentration.The whole hypothesis could non be supported as a result of the decrease in concentration when sugar concentration reached 15%. Eva luation In order to modify this work we could consider the following elements use more different samples of yeast, in this work we only had one yeast source. It could have sugar concentration was added was not accurate and changes in the temperature could have affected the results. Furthermore the use of pipettes could have been improved during the process of the procedures.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 35. Deadline

Headed come on? Edward asked, his t unitary nonchalant. in that respect was a sort of forced composure ab surface his expression. He hugged Renesmee in force(p) a little endorsement tighter to his chest.Yes, a some stand firm-minute things, I responded just as casu anyy.He smiled my favorite smile. Hurry back to me.Always.I took his Volvo again, query if hed read the odometer subsequently my last errand. How much had he pieced together? That I had a secret, absolutely. Would he have deduced the reason why I didnt confide in him? Did he pretend that Aro talent soon know everything he knew? I thought Edward could have serve to that conclusion, which explained why he had demanded no reasons from me. I guessed he was trying non to speculate too much, trying to keep my manner off his mind. Had he put this together with my odd performance the morning after Alice left, burning my countersign in the fire? I didnt know if he could have made that leap.It was a dreary afternoon, a lready dark as dusk. I sped through the gloom, my eye on the heavy clouds. Would it snow tonight? Enough to layer the ground and create the scene from Alices vision? Edward estimated that we had intimately two to a greater extent days. past we would fasten ourselves in the clearing, drawing the Volturi to our chosen place.As I headed through the darkening forest, I considered my last trip to Seattle. I thought I knew Alices purpose in sending me to the dilapidated drop point where J. Jenks referred his shadier clients. If Id gone to one of his other, more legitimate offices, would I have ever known what to ask for? if Id met him as Jason Jenks or Jason Scott, legitimate lawyer, would I ever have unearthed J. Jenks, purveyor of illegal documents? Id had to go the route that made it clear I was up to no in force(p). That was my clue.It was black when I pulled into the pose lot of the restaurant a few minutes early, ignoring the eager valets by the entrance. I popped in my conta cts and whence went to wait for J inside the restaurant. Though I was in a hurry to bedone with this depressing necessity and back with my family, J seemed careful to keep himself untainted by his baser associations i had a feeling a handoff in the dark parking lot would offend his sensibilities.I gave the name Jenks at the podium, and the obsequious maftre d led me upstairs to a belittled private room with a fire crackling in a stone hearth. He took the calf-length ivory trench coat Id worn to disguise the eventidet that I was wearing Alices idea of appropriate attire, and gasped quietly at my oyster satin cocktail dress. I couldnt help being a little flattered I close up wasnt use to being beautiful to everyone rather than just Edward. The mattre d stuttered half-formed compliments as he backed unsteadily from the room.I stood by the fire to wait, holding my fingers close to the shine to warm them a little before the inevitable handshake. Not that J wasnt obviously aware(p) that there was something up with the Cullens, merely it was still a good ha grab to practice.For one half second, I wondered what it would feel give care to put my hand in the fire. What it would feel like when I burned___Js entrance distracted my morbidity. The maftre d took his coat, too, and it was unpatterned that I was not the only one who had dressed up for this meeting.Im so sorry Im late, J said as soon as we were alone.No, youre littlely on while.He held out his hand, and as we shook I could feel that his fingers were still quite noticeably warmer than mine. It didnt seem to bother him.You look stunning, if I may be so bold, Mrs. Cullen.Thank you, J. Please, call me Bella.I must say, its a different experience working with you than it is with Mr. Jasper. Much less unsettling. He smiled hesitantly.Really? Ive unceasingly found Jasper to have a very soothing presence.His eyebrows pulled together. Is that so? he murmured politely while clearly still in disagreement. Ho w odd. What had Jasper done to this man? reach you known Jasper long?He sighed, looking uncomfortable. Ive been working with Mr. Jasper for more than twenty years, and my old partner knew him for fifteen years before that. He never changes. J cringed ticklishly.Yeah, Jaspers kind of funny that way.J shook his head as if he could shake away the disturbing thoughts. Wont you have a seat, Bella?Actually, Im in a go of a hurry. Ive got a long drive home. As I spoke, I took the thick white envelope with his bonus from my bag and handed it to him.Oh, he said, a little catch of disappointment in his voice. He tucked the envelope into an inside pocket of his jacket without bothering to check the amount. I was hoping we could speak for just a moment.About? I asked curiously.Well, let me get you your items first. I want to suffer sure youre satisfied.He turned, placed his brief fiber on the table, and popped the latches. He took out a legal-sized manilla envelope.Though I had no idea what I should be looking for, I opened the envelope and gave the contents a cursory glance. J had flipped Jacobs mental image and changed the coloring so that it wasnt immediately evident that it was the selfsame(prenominal) picture on both his passport and drivers license. Both looked perfectly sound to me, but that meant little. I glanced at the picture on Vanessa Wolfes passport for a fraction of a second, and so looked away quickly, a lump rising in my throat.Thank you, I told him.His look narrowed slightly, and I felt he was disappointed that my examination was not more thorough. I can assure you every piece is perfect. all told will pass the most rigorous scrutiny by experts.Im sure they are. I truly appreciate what youve done for me, J.Its been my pleasure, Bella. In the future, feel free to come to me for anything the Cullen family needs. He didnt even hint at it really, but this sounded like an invitation for me to take over Jaspers place as liaison.There was something you wanted to discuss?Er, yes. Its a chip delicate.. .. He gestured to the stone hearth with a questioning expression. I sat on the edge of the stone, and he sat beside me. Sweat was dewing up on his frontal bone again, and he pulled a blue silk handkerchief from his pocket and began mopping.You are the sister of Mr. Jaspers wife? Or married to his brother? he asked.Married to his brother, I clarified, wondering where this was leading.You would be Mr. Edwards bride, then?Yes.He smiled apologetically. Ive seen all the names many times, you see. My belated congratulations. Its nice that Mr. Edward has found such a lovely partner after all this time.Thank you very much.He paused, dabbing at the sweat. Over the years, you might imagine that Ive developed a very healthy level of respect for Mr. Jasper and the entire family.I nodded cautiously.He took a deep breath and then exhaled without speaking.J, please just say whatever you need to.He took another breath and then mumbled quickly, slur ring the lyric poem together.If you could just assure me that you are not planning to kidnap the little girl from her father, I would sleep better tonight.Oh, I said, stunned. It took me a minute to go through the erroneous conclusion hed drawn. Oh no. Its nothing like that at all. I smiled weakly, trying to reassure him. Im simply preparing a safe place for her in casesomething were to happen to my husband and me.His eyes narrowed. Are you expecting something to happen? He blushed, then apologized. Not that its any of my business.I watched the red flush spread behind the delicate membrane of his skin and was glad as I often was that I was not the average newborn. J seemed a nice plenty man, criminal behavior aside, and it would have been a shame to kill him.You never know. I sighed.He frowned. May I wish you the best of luck, then. And please dont be put out with me, my dear, but if Mr. Jasper should come to me and ask what names I put on these documents Of course you should t ell him immediately. Id like nothing better than to have Mr. Jasper fully aware of our entire transaction.My transparent sincerity seemed to ease a bit of his tension.Very good, he said. And I cant prevail upon you to stay for dinner?Im sorry, J. Im short on time at limn.Then, again, my best wishes for your health and happiness. Anything at all the Cullen family needs, please dont hesitate to call on me, Bella.Thank you, J.I left with my contraband, glancing back to see that J was staring after me, his expression a mixture of anxiety and regret.The return trip took me less time. The night was black, and so I turned off my headlights and ball over it. When I got back to the house, most of the cars, including Alices Porsche and my Ferrari, were missing. The traditional vampires were going as far away as possible to satiate their thirst. I tried not to rally of their hunting in the night, cringing at the mental picture of their victims.Only Kate and Garrett were in the front room, a rguing playfully about the nutritional value of brute blood. I inferred that Garrett had attempted a hunting trip vegetarian-style and found it difficult.Edward must have taken Renesmee home to sleep. Jacob, no doubt, was in the woods close by the cottage. The rest of my family must have been hunting as well. Perhaps they were out with the other Denalis.Which basically gave me the house to myself, and I was quick to take advantage.I could spirit that I was the first one to enter Alice and Jaspers room in a long while, maybe the first since the night theyd left us. I rooted silently through their huge closet until I found the right sort of bag. It must have been Alices it was a small black leather backpack, the kind that was unremarkably used as a purse, little enough that even Renesmee could carry it without looking out of place. Then I raided their petty cash, taking about double the yearly income for the average American household. I guessed my theft would be less noticeable h ere than anywhere else in the house, since this room made everyone sad. The envelope with the impostor passports and IDs went into the bag on top of the money. Then I sat on the edge of Alice and Jaspers bed and looked at the pitifully insignificantpackage that was all I could give my daughter and my best friend to help save their lives. I slumped against the bedpost, feeling helpless.But what else could I do?I sat there for some(prenominal) minutes with my head bowed before the inkling of a good idea came to me.IfIf I was to assume that Jacob and Renesmee were going to escape, then that included the assumption that Demetri would be dead. That gave any survivors a little breathing room, Alice and Jasper included.So why couldnt Alice and Jasper help Jacob and Renesmee? If they were reunited, Renesmee would have the best protection imaginable. There was no reason why this couldnt happen, nevertheless for the fact that Jake and Renesmee both were blind spots for Alice. How would she begin to look for them?I deliberated for a moment, then left the room, crossing the hall to Carlisle and Esmes suite. As usual, Esmes desk was stacked with plans and blueprints, everything neatly laid out in tall piles. The desk had a slew of pigeonholes above the work surface in one was a box of stationery. I took a fresh sheet of paper and a pen.Then I stared at the blank ivory page for a full five minutes, concentrating on my decision. Alice might not be able to see Jacob or Renesmee, but she could see me. I visualized her seeing this moment, hoping desperately that she wasnt too busy to pay attention.Slowly, deliberately, I wrote the words RIO DE JANEIRO in all caps across the page.Rio seemed the best place to send them It was far away from here, Alice and Jasper were already in South America at last report, and it wasnt like our old problems had ceased to exist just because we had worse problems now. There was still the mystery of Renesmees future, the terror of her racing age. Wed been headed south anyway. Now it would be Jacobs, and hopefully Alices, art to search for the legends.I bowed my head again against a sudden urge to sob, clenching my teeth together. It was better that Renesmee go on without me. But I already missed her so much I could barely stand it.I took a deep breath and put the note at the bottom of the duffel bag bag, where Jacob would find it soon enough.I crossed my fingers that since it was unlikely that his high school offered Portuguese Jake had at least taken Spanish as his language elective.There was nothing left now but waiting.For two days, Edward and Carlisle stayed in the clearing where Alice had seen the Volturi arrive. It was the same killing field where Victorias newborns had attacked last summer. I wondered if it felt repetitive to Carlisle, like deja vu. For me, it would be all new. This time Edward and I would stand with our family.We could only imagine that the Volturi would be tracking either Edward or Carlisle. I wondered if it would surprise them that their prey didnt run. Would that make them wary? I couldnt imagine the Volturi ever feeling a need for caution.Though I was hopefully invisible to Demetri, I stayed with Edward. Of course. We only had a few hours left to be together.Edward and I had not had a last grand scene of farewell, nor did I plan one. To speak the word was to make it final. It would be the same as typing the words The End on the last page of a manuscript. So we did not say our goodbyes, and we stayed very close to each other, incessantly touching. Whatever end found us, it would not find us separated.We set up a tent for Renesmee a few yards back into the protective forest, and then there was more deja vu as we found ourselves camping in the cold again with Jacob. It was almost impossible to believe how much things had changed since last June. Seven months ago, our triangular relationship seemed impossible, three different kinds of heartbreak that could not be avoid ed. Now everything was in perfect balance. It seemed hideously ironic that the puzzle pieces would fit together just in time for all of them to be destroyed.It started to snow again the night before New Years Eve. This time, the tiny flakes did not dissolve into the stony ground of the clearing. while Renesmee and Jacob slept Jacob snoring so loudly I wondered how Renesmee didnt wake the snow made first a thin icing over the earth, then built into thicker drifts. By the time the sun rose, the scene from Alices vision was complete. Edward and I held hands as we stared across the glittering white field, and neither of us spoke.Through the early morning, the others gathered, their eyes bearing mute evidence of their preparations some light gold, some rich crimson. Soon after we all were together, we could hear the wolves moving in the woods. Jacob emerged from the tent, leaving Renesmee still sleeping, to join them.Edward and Carlisle were arraying the others into a loose formatio n, our witnesses to the sides like galleries.I watched from a place, waiting by the tent for Renesmee to wake. When she did, I helped her dress in the clothes Id carefully picked out two days before. Clothes that looked frilly and feminine but that were actually sturdy enough to not show any wear even if a person wore them while riding a giant werewolf through a couple of states. Over her jacket I put on the black leather backpack with the documents, the money, the clue, and my love notes for her and Jacob, Charlie and Renee. She was strong enough that it was no burden to her.Her eyes were huge as she read the agony on my face. But she had guessed enough not to ask me what I was doing.I love you, I told her. More than anything.I love you, too, Momma, she answered. She touched the locket at her neck, which now held a tiny characterisation of her, Edward, and me. Well always be together.In our hearts well always be together, I corrected in a whisper as quiet as a breath. But when t he time comes today, you have to leave me.Her eyes widened, and she touched her hand to my cheek. The silent no was louder than if shed shouted it.I fought to swallow my throat felt swollen. pull up stakes you do it for me? Please?She pressed her fingers harder to my face. Why?I cant tell you, I whispered. But youll understand soon. I promise.7In my head, I saw Jacobs face.I nodded, then pulled her fingers away. Dont think of it, I breathed into her ear. Dont tell Jacob until I tell you to run, okay?This she understood. She nodded, too.I took from my pocket one last detail.While packing Renesmees things, an unexpected flare of color had caught my eye. A chance ray of sun through the skylight had hit the jewels on the ancient precious box stuffed high overhead on a shelf in an untouched corner. I considered it for a moment and then shrugged. After putting together Alices clues, I couldnt hope that the coming resistance would be resolved peacefully. But why not try to start things out as friendly as possible? I asked myself. What could it hurt? So I guess I must have had some hope left after all blind, senseless hope because Id scaled the shelves and retrieved Aros wedding present to me.Now I fastened the thick gold rope around my neck and felt the weight of the enormous diamond nestle into the hollow of my throat.Pretty, Renesmee whispered. Then she wrapped her arms like a vise around my neck. I squeezed her against my chest. Interlocked this way, I carried her out of the tent and to the clearing.Edward cocked one eyebrow as I approached, but otherwise did not remark on my accessory or Renesmees. He just put his arms tight around us both for one long moment and then, with a deep sigh, let us go. I couldnt see a goodbye anywhere in his eyes. Maybe he had more hope for something after this life than hed let on.We took our place, Renesmee climbing agilely onto my back to leave my hands free. I stood a few feet behind the front limit made up by Carlisle, Edwa rd, Emmett, Rosalie, Tanya, Kate, and Eleazar. Close beside me were Benjamin and Zafrina it was my job to protect them as long as I was able. They were our best offensive weapons. If the Volturi were the ones who could not see, even for a few moments, that would change everything.Zafrina was rigid and fierce, with Senna almost a mirror image at her side. Benjamin sat on the ground, his palms pressed to the dirt, and muttered quietly about fault lines. Last night, hed strewn piles of boulders in natural-looking, now snow-covered heaps all along the back of the meadow. They werent enough to injure a vampire, but hopefully enough to distract one.The witnesses clustered to our left and right, some nearer than others those who had declared themselves were the closest. I noticed Siobhan rubbing her temples, her eyes closed in concentration was she gratify Carlisle? Trying to visualize a diplomatic resolution?In the woods behind us, the invisible wolves were still and ready we could only hear their heavy panting, their walloping hearts.The clouds rolled in, diffusing the light so that it could have been morning or afternoon. Edwards eyes tightened as he scrutinized the view, and I was sure he was seeing this exact scene for the second time the first time being Alices vision. It would look just the same when the Volturi arrived. We only had minutes or seconds left now.All our family and ally braced themselves.From the forest, the huge russet Alpha wolf came forward to stand at my side it must have been too hard for him to keep his distance from Renesmee when she was in such immediate danger.Renesmee reached out to twine her fingers in thefur over his massive shoulder, and her body relaxed a little bit. She was calmer with Jacob close.I felt a tiny bit better, too. As long Jacob was with Renesmee, she would be all right.Without risking a glance behind, Edward reached back to me. I stretched my arm forward so that I could grip his hand. He squeezed my fingers. some other minute ticked by, and I found myself straining to hear some sound of approach.And then Edward stiffened and hissed low between his clenched teeth. His eyes focused on the forest due north of where we stood.We stared where he did, and waited as the last seconds passed.

Wal-Mart Ethics Case

Wal-Mart is the hulkyst grocery chain in the world, bite largest company on Fortunes 500 2012 list, and the largest employer in North America. Wal-Mart is faced with umteen dilemmas and issues that commode be expected of such(prenominal) a large and imposing ecesis. These problems include environmental issues, employees issues, leaders issues, supplier issues and creating an uncompetitive market. This is non an exhaustive list, and Wal-Mart has some other dilemmas as well, scarce this paper will come down on the issues involving Wal-Mart interaction with employees and the problems Wal-Mart faces with them.Wal-Mart employees relations have been a dilemma for various reasons. One reason is that Wal-Mart has been criticized for non kick ining a decent wage or providing enough emoluments. Another issue that Wal-Mart has with employee relations is Wal-Marts stance as not allowing any unions in Wal-Mart stores. Wal-Mart has similarly faced problems with discrimination and the allowed hiring of illegal immigrants. tout ensemble of these argon a dilemma for Wal-Mart because it is such a large employer and is well respected by other employers.This puts Wal-Mart in a corporate leadership position and the way in which Wal-Mart handles slurs with employees is viewed by other corporations as potential solutions to their employee problems. This is overly dilemma for Wal-Mart because it is such a large employer and its closings affect a commodious take of people. Wal-Mart employs over 1. 4 million people in the United States alone, encompassing 1% of the U. S. take shape press. At the same time Wal-Mart asks to remain the low-cost leader in the grocery and box stores market.The conflicting forces that Wal-Mart moldiness try to balance are maintaining their leadership aspect while maintaining healthy affinitys with employees and customers. There are many stakeholders involved in this dilemma. These stakeholders include Wal-Marts employees, Wal-Mart cus tomers, Wal-Marts competitors, and the unions. All of these stakeholders have the ability to influence conclusiveness concerning employee welfare, within the organization, as well as being influenced by those decisions. The first stakeholder mentioned is the employees for Wal-Mart.Employees are considered supportive stakeholder for the near part, although they tin also be considered mixed. This stakeholder is of import because Wal-Mart employees so many people, but it is also important because Wal-Mart wishes to baffle competitive in the market place. One way to stay competitive is by recruiting good and indefatig equal employees who are invested and engaged in their work. Otherwise the employee retention will be low, and the work performed will be substandard. This stakeholder is important also because Wal-Marts temper and commitment to low prices.One way to maintain low prices is by maintaining costs that permit these low prices. One way to keep costs down is to keep fight down and provide disgrace costing welfares. At the same time, one signifi preservet way to restrain employees and ensure they are invested in their work environment is by paying them fair remuneration and providing crucial benefits. Wal-Mart employees are also an important stakeholder because Wal-Mart has developed a reputation as being anti-Semite(prenominal) in their hiring practices and use of illegal workers.This is important for Wal-Mart, because once again a negative reputation can touch on it hard to recruit and retain workers. It is also important because a negative reputation can branch line litigation and lawsuits that can be initially somewhat costly and end up becoming a burdensome expense, as out of court settlements tend to large. These legal proceedings also garner red-hot headlines and the negative semipublicity can negatively affect sales, and recruiting efforts. The publication of these problems can also embolden the unions who want to break into and unio nize Wal-Marts employees.The problem with illegal aliens being used in the work force is a dilemma not only because Wal-Mart can face the cost of fines for breaking the law, but also because Wal-Mart already has a reputation as being bad for the American worker. It has been shown that Wal-Mart is the reason that some companies that bring out Wal-Mart with goods, have moved their manufacturing overseas to keep labor and production costs down, and to be better able to maintain their supplier relationship with Wal-Mart. This has caused the loss of jobs in the United States, with the perception that Wal-Mart has no concern al near the American worker.Wal-Mart using illegal workers could be perceive as Wal-Mart being only concerned closely saving money, and once again denying American workers from jobs. This is also looked on negatively in the current policy-making environment where illegal workers are such a hot topic and unemployment is high. Another stakeholder in these situations is the Wal-Mart customer. The Wal-Mart customer is considered supportive, and Wal-Mart tries to keep it this way. The customer is an important stakeholder because essentially they are the reason that Wal-Mart exists.Wal-Mart basically provides the facility of easing customer access to goods and services. Customers have a choice in this very competitive market environment and can find the same goods and services elsewhere, as Wal-Mart offers few exclusives on either of these. Wal-Mart does provide a presumed lower cost marketplace, and will match cost of competitors which is viewed as desirable traits from consumers. Still consumers will not lapse to patronize organizations they feel are mis performing their employees and are using discriminatory practices in hiring and advancement.Wal-Mart has to maintain a reputation as being a good employer that has genuine concern about it employees and that is also dedicated in being fair in its labor practices. Otherwise customers will go els ewhere for their goods and services, even if they pay a little more. Consumers will no longer support companies that they feel are lacking in proper ethics, because the consumer feels that it will only be a matter of time before the company manages to treat them unfairly.Current consumers are especially proficient at the decision between saving money with one company, and keep a more sustainable company even if it means spending more. This proficiency comes from facing this decision on a daily basis, and the ease of accessing information. So far, even with some well publicized discriminatory cases, Wal-Mart has been able to retain a strong customer base. Consumers will tend to give companies some benefit of a doubt, especially when it comes to saving money, but this cannot be viewed as a reason to willfully slack in employee hiring practices.After all, a consumer boycott is only one corporate scandal away. Therefore, the customers can be considered the most important stakeholder, because without them Wal-Mart would cease operations. Another stakeholder involved in this case are Wal-Marts competitors, like Target, Kmart, cornerstone Depot, etc. , who look at Wal-Mart as a leader in their market. Wal-Mart competitors are neutral because they are more concerned with their own operations than with Wal-Marts operations.The decisions that Wal-Mart functions concerning their employees are seen as opportunities to exploit or as problems. These decisions could be opportunities because decisions made in a positive light could be reviewed and possibly adopted by the competition. Whereas decisions made that reflect Wal-Mart negatively can be criticized by the competition and as a recruiting tool. Wal-Mart decisions with employees can also be problematic to competition because their decisions can force unwanted changes into the competitors organization. For example, if Wal-Mart changed ts standstill about unions it could have great impact throughout the box chain world giving unions supplement to be able to break into other store brands. The final stakeholders in Wal-Marts employee welfare situation are unions. Unions are considered an unsupportive stakeholder. The unions have a stake in this situation because their existence is found on membership, their fees, and continued support. Wal-Mart is very opposed to ever accepting a union in their work environment. Wal-Mart feels that it treats it employees fairly enough and a union would only complicate things.Unions see Wal-Mart as the great spile to climb, and getting Wal-Mart workers to unionize would give the unions a large base of employees to their membership ranks, and leverage through the sell industry. Unionizing Wal-Mart would not necessary be all positive, as the unions would now be presented with a relationship with large market and an adversarial attitude towards them. The relationship between these stakeholders can be contentious. Consumers want to support organizations that treat w orkers fairly, but public support for unions is rather low (2010 Pew Poll places it at 41%).Wal-Mart also does not view unions favorably. The relationship between Wal-Mart and employees can be difficult at times also, but the relationship is mostly mutually beneficial for the majority of employees. The stakeholder with the most situation is the customers because they still hold purchasing power over Wal-Mart. Customers could easily find other places to go to and buy goods, and therefore customers hold the most leverage over Wal-Mart. The stakeholder with the most to win would be the unions, because breaking the Wal-Mart wall would greatly heighten the power of the unions.The stakeholders with the great potential to lose are the employees because at this time and point Wal-Mart has the leverage of possible employment during such tough economic times. Employees may actually lose out on potential wage and benefit gains because of the economic downturn, and Wal-Mart has jobs and is on e of the few companies with expansion plans in these times. To improve the situation with the employees and the public perception of Wal-Mart, the organization could attempt two corrective measures.The first proposal would be for Wal-Mart to start an employee appreciation and welfare camps in their stores. This would be through employee only contests or having a shopping day where employees get extra markdowns. This would make Wal-Mart a more popular place to work at, and could be considered a cheaper alternative to raising wages and improved benefits. Some employees might see these as cheap ploys to improve employee morale, but it could be rather popular. Another corrective measure would be a public relations campaign in which Wal-Mart explains to the public the benefits of working at Wal-Mart.This P. R. campaign would show Wal-Mart as an employer of choice, that people enjoy working for the company, and that Wal-Mart is a great place to work at. This campaign could help sway the public in favor of Wal-Mart and also extend the message that Wal-Mart doesnt need unions and employee unrest is unfounded. The campaign could also show employees of differing backgrounds, gender, ages, ethnicities, capabilities and colors, thus displaying that Wal-Mart employs all types of people. My recommendation would be to go with the public relations campaign.This could prove to be the most beneficial, because the customers are the most important stakeholders in this situation. Also good public relations could help the bottom line of the company, but also make employees feel good about working there. It would keep the union at bay, and keep competitors on their toes because they would now have to compete with a Wal-Mart that people actually liked. Bibliography Blodget, Henry. Wal-Mart Employs 1% of America. Should it be Forced to reach it Employees More. BusinessInsider. om. Business Insider, Inc. 10 Sep 2010. Web. Accessed 24 Nov 2012. http//articles. businessinsider. com/ 2010-09-20/news/30081785_1_minimum-wage-real-wages-employees Ferrell, O. C. et al. Wal-Mart The Future of Sustainability. Business Ethics Ethical determination Making and Cases. Carnegie Learning. South-WesternMason, OH. 9th ed. 2011. Surowicki, James. State of the Unions. New Yorker. Conde Nast. 17 Jan 2011. Web. Acessed 26 Nov 2012. http//www. newyorker. com/talk/financial/2011/01/17/110117ta_talk_surowiecki

Performance of Information Systems through Organizational Culture Essay

The objective of this stir-up is to determine the importance of the connection between the organisational conclusion and the cultivation administration which buttocks be vital to achieve essential business goals. thus far the proper definition of info system (IS) is principal(prenominal), as different people create confusion in this pry, which according to Anderson (1992) it is the system which captures, records, and reorganize data indeed provides military issues which argon useful for managerial purposes. On the opposite hand information technology IT is all the scientific part of IS and the organizational culture is simply the way things are d mavin in a firm.The interaction of these systems would result in huge advantages. Now it is that we have precisely viewed the explanation of IT, IS and organizational culture. We should now panorama at their interconnectedness. IT and organizational culture are incorporated in order to have statistical and substantive info rmation from the raw and unarranged data which is the information for conclusiveness making, however the feasibleness of the implementation of such system is main(prenominal) in terms of technology and its cost.Once an intellect or belief is accepted by a larger group it is said o be powerful and if it is accepted by a specific group then subcultures are said to exist and it is important to determine that which culture is dominant, and on the seat of this culture two opinions are created one which says that yes IT is important and the second which identifies IT as the fundamental basis of the IS, however it is also important that the new culture should be implemented or meant for a foreseeable future in the long-term and not in the short-term, as the short-term creates complexity quite antecedent as compared to long-term surface, if in that respect is about element of deviation of opinion.No matter what is the final decision is, the carrying start of the implementation proc ess is important, currently in most firms there exists a IT specialist culture which involves only the IT personnel in this process and obviously is not much effective. Therefore it is important that in the implementation of an IS, not only IT personnel should be involved but also the top worry and the users of this IS should also be involved so that their requirements are catered in an efficient and effective way.Theoretical principles or basicsToday the world is turned into a dynamic market place, where firms need to compete in terms of prices, efficiency and technology. For this purpose experts have realized the importance of information systems (IS) with information technology (IT) as its basis, combined together with the organizational culture. The perfect combination of these three important systems of a firm a firm is able to achieve a competitive status in the world market. Therefore it is important to have such elements in the firm in order to achieve businesses vital goal s. For this purpose pagan change is to be incorporated, provided that it is the way things are done or the set of norms of the firm, therefore the bubble-like approach of incorporating heathenish changes is said to be the most effective one. Under this idea of bubble-like cultural change, passs the idea of informatics and informational culture. The idea of IS is also important, however majority of people confuse it with IT however the correct explanation are the one discussed earlier.The implementation of ISs in most of the firms has resulted into various advantaged to the firms briefly it enables the management to acquire meaningful information from the raw data and later to help decision making. But the successful implmetation and usage of the IS requires three important components which are 1, the data or information, the people (implementers and users) and the material resources. Here the data can be both data form congressman businesses truncations or employees records, a nd the material resources are the mechanical supportive equipment for example office furniture and computers etc and lastly the people are the user and the implementers of the IS. Now with people here comes the plan of organizational culture, the culture in accordance with the IS and IT plays an important role if these three things are in epithelial duct or are in agreement then vital advantages can be observed which are discussed as follows As it decreases the anxiety and confusion created by the IT/IS, it supports the adaptation of the environmental changes, therefore it contributes positively to the overall satisfaction aim of the internal staff who have been involved in its implementation. Enables the management to know if the nidation id accepted by the users. Social relations are created when the implementers and users of different incisions meet to implement the system. This adds to the motivation level of the employees. Tells the users that which information will be a vailable at what location in what time. Determines the effectiveness of the IT/IS associated to the means of communication, as both inside and outside, it is a vital way correspondence. As it explains that what are the norms and practices of the entity, a feeling of unanimous unity is created.Interconnectedness of IT, IS and Organizational CultureAn IS is created so that meaningful information can be derived out of the raw data, therefore it is that an IS is responsible for converting data into information and therefore quantity and quality of the information is important. However the relationship between data, culture and information system is important. Only an effective IS can be developed when there is perfect correlation between these three. And then only information which is meaningful can be obtained and used for managerial purposes. We have discussed that appropriate people in appropriated places is important, another point about the feasibility in terms of technology an d finance. If there are no sufficient financial and technological supporter and resources then the application of the IS may not be successful, for example if due to lack of finance some important features of the IS are excluded from the plan then it wont produce accurate and meaningful results. other way in which the relationship of IT and organizational can be reviewed can be provided with two questions that whether it is the IT which creates the lines of an organizational culture or whether it is the organizational culture that decides that whether IT sources should be incorporated or not answers to these can be this if there is strong feeling among the users of the IS and other supporting staff that the use of IT has resulted into the benefits of some particular group, subdivision or a person then incorporation of computerized solution will form as the firms norms or in other words culture because majority thinks that yes IT is important.However it is also possible that foe can happen, which can be further e patienceated in a way that there have been opposite behaviors in respect of the discussion between the service and manufacturing sector. This is because in manufacturing businesses there is more of manual labor work and cybernation and IT is incorporated to a slighter extent thus a culture in manufacturing would be less compatible to the IT, whilst in the service sector more of IT solutions are required and computerization is involved to a larger extent therefore there is strong evidence of the fact that information technology can set the values and norms of the firm. Now there is a question that which approach is the best? This is difficult question to answer because the two have enormous effects on all(prenominal) other, but in light of modern business techniques IT/IS solutions have been more effective on the cultural practices, this is because an IS not only automates the flow of data but also provides management with alternatives ways of doi ng things in respect of efficiency, accuracy, and timeliness.Specific Relationship of Information System and the Organizational CultureIt is possible that there exists a contradict between the norms or cultural practices of two groups in an entity. Therefore, it is in vital interest of the firms that these differences are rectified, because when there is one common way of doing things efficiency and timeliness are prone to occur along with economies of collection plate ( reaching a position when per unit cost is lowest). More specifically these divergences can be that a larger group supports one view and a smaller group supports the turnaround this is known as the subculture.Distinction between these two opinions is necessary so that there might be an informatics or an in informational culture. Where informatics is that for example usage of IT is important, and the informational culture is with more detail where it says in order to make correct and accurate decisions IT should be incorporated as the basis of an IS. The first culture is easy to pick up but the second one goes into more detail, it also includes in it the first culture and also the organizational behavior and the information data. It however necessary that in order to have a successful transition of IT into an IS, conversion of informatics culture into the in informational culture is necessary.Informational and Informatics Culture FeaturesIt is now that we have come to know that what are the two cultures now we must discuss that which one is to be transformed into the other through administrative intervention. When we talk about the informatics culture the case is that it only considers the costs of the IT department only in the short term, therefore it ignores the long-term look and development process which can result into the firms inters this is why it is a usual case that firms end up in spending more and earning less from IT centers as proper consideration are not taken when purchasin g its equipment and employing staff. However on the contrary the informational culture approach considers the outputs of an IT center to a larger extent it not only considers the quantitative aspects of the IT solution but also the long-term usefulness to the firms in respects of tactical and strategic planning, it not only sees the IT solution in terms of an IS as cost, but also highlights it advantages and long-term benefits in terms if research and development and therefore upon this approach distributes its cost over its useful life.

Legislations, policies and procedures relating Essay

Outlines how commandments, policies and procedures relating to wellness preventive and hostage sit to flex health and social c be desexualisetings. M1- describes how health and gumshoe legislations, policies and procedures abet the safety of individuals in a health and social c be setting. In this essay I am going to outline how legislation, policies and procedures relating to health, safety and security influence health and social c are settings. I am also going to describe how health and safety legislation, policies and procedures promote the safety of individuals in a health or social care setting. economy is law which has been produce by a governing body in order to regulate, to authorise, to sanction, to grant, to declare or to restrict. In terms of events, legislation defines the governing legal principles outlining the responsibilities of even organisers and new(prenominal) s restorationholders much(prenominal) as the local authority, to protect the safety of the public. Legislation can have many purposes to regulate, authorize, provide (funds), and declare or to restrict. Legislations are important throughout any work environment and society as without them we are non protected from hazards and promoting safety in the workplace.Two of the most important pieces of health and safety across the UK are the health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Management of health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. These set the standards that must be met to en certainly the health and safety of any employees and others who whitethorn be affected by any work performanceivity. Other legislations also exist to cover all work activities that carry risks such(prenominal) as Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995, Food Safety Act 1990, Care Minimum Standards 2003, Care dwelling ho map Regulations 2001 and The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992. Policies are clear, simple statements of how your organisation intends to conduct its helpers, actions or business. They provide a set of guiding principles to help with decision making. Procedures describe how each policy go out be put into action in your organisation. Each procedure should outline Who will do what steps they need to take Which forms or documents to use. Procedures might just be a few bullet points or instructions. Sometimes they work well as forms, checklists, instructions or flowcharts. Policies and their accompanying procedures will vary between workplaces because they reflect the values, approaches and commitments of a specific organisation and its culture. But they share the same role in guiding your organisation.Health and safety at work act legislations influence in health and social care setting by making for confident(predicate) there are no risks and hazards which can cause the staff any harm. This is through with(p) by them making individuals in the hospital or nursing basis need to be attentive with the item s they are working with. The hospital or care homes have to follow these guidelines and legislations because if they need to make sure the environment around them is safe and free from any danger that may cause harm to other patients. They have to follow rules which they have been assigned to such as make sure they always use hand sanitizer before dealing with patients and also keeping all the waste away from patients and disposed properly. They promote safety around hospitals or nursing home by having posters around the place promoting safety such as everyone should use hand sanitizer before they enter the hospital or signs such as having a sign up when they have just cleaned the floor, they use a wet floor sign. Health and safety at work act policies and procedures protect individuals because if they do not follow the rules then masses will not feel safe around the hospital and feel as if they will be in danger. So following the rules would make people feel safe around the hospit al, which will make sure that the patients are feeling safe around the hospital due to the security of expound which is good because it creates a safe place to be in. This promotes safety because if you have security in the premises then this authority people can tell that theres no danger in the hospital .The Health and Safety at Work act 1974 (also known as HSWA, HSW or HASAWA) is the prime piece of legislation in Great Britain. The Health and Safety executive enforces the act with other acts alongside it to make sure that a working environment is appropriate and safe to work in without causing any hazards that may affect a persons health. It is the duty of any person that has control to said premises to make sure that the Health and Safety at Work act is followed and applied to the site. If anything is deemed unpractical or grievous according to the Health and Safety at Work act whether it be substances, unstable furniture, storage, inadequate training of others and maintenan ce to the working in building and facilities, then measures must be taken to correct this issue. whatever person should be able to enter the buildingwithout risking their health or safety. The health and safety act would be enforced in the home by Making sure furniture in the home is safe and sturdy and suitable for anyone to use without them being injured Making sure that all wires are neat and not in open spaces or under a cable tidy where people are vulnerable to trip over them Produce risk assessments within the home i.e. trips outside the home, events that are held within the home and general everyday procedures.In Dunstable Childrens Home, the person that is in charge of the premises, which would be a caretaker, is responsible of making sure that all furniture that is used by any employer, employee, service user or visitor, is safe and stable and that it will not cause any risks to their health. Also all substances that are deemed as dangerous to health must be locked away fr om the younger children because they may not know what they are doing due to them having learning disabilities.

The Structural Compartmentaion of Mammalian Cells

The structural com business officementation of mammalian cells and the differing functions of these compartments. All mammals be eukaryotes and therefore give eukaryotic cells. These cells contain several(prenominal) cell organelles suited to a specific function they comprise out within the cell. These eukaryotic cells contain a Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Rough and Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi appliance and various other(a) organelles. Most of the organelles argon separated from each other by a tissue layer, these membranes be based on lipid bilayers that atomic number 18 similar to each other.The organelles membrane is there to keep the contents of each organelle separate from the rest of this cell. The membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that may contri bute channels in devote to bothow the transport of specific molecules which are needed somewhere else in the cell. An example of this is proteins produced by the ribosomes are then moved to the Golgi appa ratus in which they are treated and then sent to the correct part of the cell. Fig 1 Diagram of a nucleusSource http//cdn. nursingcrib. om The nucleus is a large organelle surrounded by a double membrane thermonuclear envelope the nuclear envelope contains some(prenominal) pores to allow substances much(prenominal) as tRNA and mRNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The nucleus contains most of the cells genetic poppycock in the form of desoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA and proteins that flip up the contents of the nucleus is known as the chromatin. DNA stored in the nucleus codes for different amino acids and proteins to be produced, depending on which genes are being expressed decides what proteins are produced and ultimately the function of the cell.At the centre of the nucleus is a nucleolus which is where ribosomes are manufactured. A diagram of a nucleus can be seen in figure 1. The double membrane keeps the nucleus separate from all the other organelles and serves as a barrier to prevent molecules diffusing freely into and out of the nucleus. The outer membrane has a structure similar to the furious endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes scattered across it which are used to make proteins in a process known as translation. The mitochondria are the site in a cell that generates most of the cells energy in the form of ATP.Oxygen is used in a process called aerobic ventilation to produce lots of ATP. The mitochondrion consists of an outer and inner membrane composed of phospholipid bilayers. The inner membrane contains several foldings forming a structure known as cristae. The cristae increase the surface area of the mitochondria allowing to a greater extent ATP to be produced. The part enclosed by the inner membrane is the matrix. This matrix contains most of the mitochondrias proteins. The matrix contains several enzymes needed to synthesise ATP. The ATP produced in the mitochondria is transported to other parts of the cell that choose energy.The ribosome is an important organelle for protein synthesis, it is the site at which the genetic code is converted into protein molecules. It is responsible for a process called translation which converts mRNA into an amino acid chain. The mRNA determine the state of the tRNA molecules that bind to the codons. The order of these tRNA molecule ultimately decide the amino acid chain that will be produced and then the protein being produced. The proteins produced detatch themselves from the ribosome and move to other parts of the cell where they are needed.The ribosome is very large composed of mevery molecules including RNA and proteins. The ribosome is composed of two sub-units, a larger one and a smaller one, each of which have distinct shapes. As protein synthesis is very important to cells there are usually large numbers racket of ribosomes found th knockaboutout a cell. Ribosomes are usually found floating freely around the cell however they are sometimes found bound t o the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is the transport network for molecules. It is made up of several tubes and sacs.The space inside of the endoplasmic reticulum is the lumen. The function of the endoplasmic reticulum depends on the cell type. It is comprised of a rough endoplasmic reticulum and a smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface which is what causes it to be rough. The membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum forms large double membrane sheets that are located near, and continuous with the outer layer of thenuclear envelope1. Proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for synthesizing lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates and regulating calcium levels. Lysosomes are also found in most eukaryotic cells. They contain several digestive enzymes used to rifle down worn out cellular components and bacteria. Lysosomes are highly packed sph erical vacuoles but have a large variation in size depending on the materials they have taken up for digestion. The lysosome removes any unwanted material inside the cell by secreting these digestive enzymes onto them. Lysosomes protect the cell from foreign bacteria which could be harmful.They operate in a low PH which is maintained by a membrane around the lysosome, this reduces the risk of the enzymes digesting their own cell. The Golgi apparatus packages proteins inside the cell and are then sent to their destination. The Golgi apparatus is found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is composed of stacks known as cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is inherent in modifying, sorting and packaging these macromolecules for cell secretion2. Proteins synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum are limited in the Golgi apparatus.The Golgi apparatus is also responsible for transporting lipids around the cells and also producing lysosomes. All of these organelles have different f unctions and structures but work together to determine the overall function of the cell. The amount of each organelle greatly depends on its function, for example muscle cells will contain lots of mitochondria to produce more ATP as muscles want large amounts of energy. Bibliography 1 Shibata, Yoko Voeltz, Gia K. Rapoport, Tom A. (2006). Rough Sheets and Smooth Tubules. Cell126(3) 435439. 2 Regulated Secretion (Golgi) The Movie. North Dakota postulate University.